COPD's Origins: Emphysema and Bronchitis

The proverbial condition of "Smoker's Lung", defined by excessive coughing and wheezing, signifies one or both of the pulmonary diseases emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both causes of COPD. Although different diseases, both can produce similar symptoms.

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the air-pathways to the lungs and the subsequent build up of mucus in breathing passages. Acute bronchitis generally only lasts a couple weeks and is caused by a virus or bacteria. The form of bronchitis associated with COPD is chronic bronchitis, which can last indefinitely. The continued deterioration of healthy breathing caused by chronic bronchitis is due to long term exposure to air-borne irritants. By far, the most cases of chronic bronchitis are caused by smoking tobacco products (80%).

Emphysema is characterized by inflammation as well, except the irritation is localized in the alveoli. Alveoli are tiny sacs found in the lungs that pass oxygen into the bloodstream, and are thus extremely important. When irritated, these sacs begin to lose their integrity, causing actual holes to from in lung tissue. There is a form of inherited emphysema but the one most closely associated with COPD develops from smoking habits.

No known cures exist for either of these diseases, but several treatments significantly prolong the life of COPD sufferers.